欧盟发布2024年3月-6月禽流感概述

 

　　2024年3月16日至2024年6月14日，13个欧洲国家报告了高致病性禽流感（HPAI）疫情的暴发。自上次报告以来，截至2024年6月20日，越南报告了1例甲型H5N1和1例甲型H9N2病毒感染的人类病例，澳大利亚和美国分别报告了1例和3例甲型H5N1病毒感染的人类病例，中国报告了2例甲型H5N6、3例甲型H9N2和1例甲型H10N3病毒感染的人类病例，印度报告了1例甲型H9N2病毒感染的人类病例，墨西哥报告了1例甲型H5N2病毒感染的人类病例。在欧盟/欧洲经济区，一般人群的感染风险被评估为低，职业暴露人群的感染风险为低至中度。部分原文报道如下：

 

　　Between 16 March and 14 June 2024, 42 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) virus detections were reported in domestic (15) and wild (27) birds across 13 countries in Europe. Although the overall number of detections in Europe has not been this low since the 2019–2020 epidemiological year, HPAI viruses continue to circulate at a very low level. Most detections in poultry were due to indirect contact with wild birds, but there was also secondary spread. Outside Europe, the HPAI situation intensified particularly in the USA, where a new A(H5N1) virus genotype (B3.13) has been identified in >130 dairy herds in 12 states. Infection in cattle appears to be centred on the udder, with milk from infected animals showing high viral loads and representing a new vehicle of transmission. Apart from cattle, HPAI viruses were identified in two other mammal species (alpaca and walrus) for the first time. Between 13 March and 20 June 2024, 14 new human cases with avian influenza virus infection were reported from Vietnam (one A(H5N1), one A(H9N2)), Australia (with travel history to India, one A(H5N1)), USA (three A(H5N1)), China (two A(H5N6), three A(H9N2), one A(H10N3)), India (one A(H9N2)), and Mexico (one fatal A(H5N2) case). The latter case was the first laboratory-confirmed human infection with avian influenza virus subtype A(H5N2). Most of the human cases had reported exposure to poultry, live poultry markets, or dairy cattle prior to avian influenza virus detection or onset of illness. Human infections with avian influenza viruses remain rare and no human-to-human transmission has been observed. The risk of infection with currently circulating avian A(H5) influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b in Europe remains low for the general public in the EU/EEA. The risk of infection remains low-to-moderate for those occupationally or otherwise exposed to infected animals or contaminated environments.

 

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